COVID-19 and the European Education Performance Decline: A Focus on Primary School Children’s Reading Achievement between 2016 and 2021

November 12, 2023  (language: ita, fr, es, ro, bg, hr)

This study uses the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) data, the only cross-national data having measured educational achievement during the COVID-19 pandemic, to investigate educational achievement decline of fourth graders across 21 European countries between 2016 and 2021. Learning decline estimated with PIRLS data is not only composed of learning loss due to COVID-19 but also